Family Verification Tests

Male sex chromosomes are XY and female sex chromosomes are XX. Among male sex chromosomes, the Y chromosome is always inherited from the son, and they pass the Y chromosome to the son, so all males of one paternal line have the same Y chromosome. In other words, the Y chromosome leads to great-grandfather → great-grandfather → grandfather → father → son, so paternity confirmation is only applicable to males. KGIC is analyzing a total of more than 16 loci.

• When it is necessary to submit documents proving paternity confirmation (family registration, divorce, dispute over property inheritance, etc.) to a public institution
• When it is necessary to prove paternal blood ties, such as father → son, grandfather → grandson, uncle → nephew, brother
• In case proof of paternal family relationship is required to acquire nationality
• In case of inconsistency of one or two genotypes between father and child during paternity confirmation, accurate determination is difficult
• When male/female specimens are mixed due to sexual offenses, etc., and male-specific genetic confirmation is required
• When it is necessary to confirm the paternal lineage of the ashes by burial, excavation, etc.

• NonexclusionAll 16 genotypes on the Y chromosome match. (Same parentage established)
• InconclusuveMismatches in 1 or 2 of 16 genotypes on the Y chromosome. (Additional inspection required)
• ExclusionAt least 3 of the 16 genotypes on the Y chromosome are mismatched. (Same parentage is not established)

Human genetic information exists not only in nuclear DNA but also in mitochondria in the cytoplasm. During fertilization of eggs and sperm, only the nuclear DNA in the head of the sperm enters the egg, and the tail of the sperm with mitochondrial DNA remains. In other words, since only the mitochondrial DNA of the egg exists in the fertilized egg, the mitochondrial DNA is transmitted from the maternal grandmother to the mother's younger brother, and also to the mother's children, making it possible to analyze the maternal family relationship. KGIC shows high accuracy by analyzing the nucleotide sequences corresponding to HV_1, HV_2, and HV_3, which have a high mutation rate and no crossover among mitochondrial DNA.

• When it is necessary to submit documents proving matriarchal confirmation (family registration, divorce, dispute over property inheritance, etc.) to a public institution
• When proof of maternal blood ties such as maternal grandparents, cousins, sisters and siblings is required
• When proof of maternal family relationship is required to acquire nationality
• In case of inconsistency of one or two genotypes between mother and child during paternity confirmation, accurate determination is difficult
• When it is necessary to confirm the maternal family relatives of the remains by graveyard relocation or excavation

• NonexclusionWhen all base variations (position, base) on the tester's mtDNA are the same. (Establishing the same maternal line)
• InconclusuveOne or two base variations (position, base) on the tester's mtDNA are mismatched. (Additional inspection required)
• Exclusion3 or more base mutations (position, base) on the tester's MTDNA are mismatched. (Same maternal line not established)

The same person test is a test that checks whether the evidence collected around life or at the scene of an incident and a specific person (suspect) are the same person. All people inherit each pair of DNA from their parents, giving them a unique set of genes that sets them apart from others. Therefore, by examining genes between a specific person and evidence and comparing whether the genotypes match each other, it is possible to confirm whether they are the same person.

• A total of 16 genes, including sex chromosomes and autosomal chromosomes, are tested, and if the evidence and the DNA type of a specific person all match, it is judged to be the same person.
• A total of 16 genes, including sex chromosomes and autosomal chromosomes, are tested, and if one or more DNA types of a specific person do not match, it is determined that they are not the same person.

The DNA test for foreign substances is performed when a human foreign substance (hair, nail, cigarette butt, gum, or other tissue cells, etc.) is contained during the food raw material or food manufacturing process and distribution process. It is a test method that can confirm whose DNA profile it is by comparing it to

• Sample type: hair, nails, cigarette butts, gum or other tissue cells, etc.
• Testing principle: DNA is isolated from each requested sample/probable sample, and a total of 16 genes are simultaneously amplified by PCR using Human ID to analyze the DNA profile. Compare/analyze the requested sample and the genotype of the probable person.